Assessment of salivary total antioxidant capacity in patients with primary untreated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with ORAC.

BACKGROUND: Oxidative DNA damage leads to abnormalities in endogenous cellular processes and constitutes a direct link between free radicals, antioxidants and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) method is used to measure antioxidant capacity versus oxygen free radicals. There is no report on the application of ORAC to evaluate salivary antioxidant capacity in patients with head and neck SCC. This study investigated the relation between total antioxidant capacity of saliva, measured with ORAC method, and the incidence, location, size and histopathological grading of SCC. METHODS: Salivary antioxidant capacity was assessed in 30 male and female patients with histopathologically confirmed oral and laryngeal SCC. Histopathological grading of SCC was based on WHO classification. RESULTS: Mean ORAC in patients with SCC was higher than the mean value in the control group. Statistically significant difference was observed in the study group versus the control group. No significant differences were observed for ORAC values in relation to histopathological grading, tumour size and spread to lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results can advocate local compensatory mechanism in saliva in response to increased oxidative stress associated with primary tumour. ORAC can become an additional factor in head and neck SCC prognosis, but further investigation is required.

The Assessment of Oral Microflora Exposed to 3% Ethanolic Extract of Brazilian Green Propolis Preparation Used for Hygiene Maintenance following Minor Oral Surgeries.

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of a topically administered hygienic preparation containing a 3% ethanolic extract of Brazilian green propolis (EEP-B) on oral microflora spectrum changes in a group of patients who underwent common oral surgery procedures. Two gel samples were compared: the tested gel containing an active ingredient, that is, a 3% EEP-B (gel GA), and a placebo as the negative control (gel GC). The collection of microbiological material included 14 patients requiring surgical extraction of wisdom molars and short endosseous implant installation. Clinical examinations were carried out as follow-up, that is, baseline and after 5-6 weeks' time. During the first and subsequent assessment, swabs were taken from the mucosal surface. The number of microorganism species was found to have increased following the application of GC gel over the period of 5-6 weeks. This mainly affected Gram-positive rods and bacilli as well as Gram-negative rods. Application of the GA gel enriched with 3% EEP-B caused a profound reduction in the amount of Neisseria spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. strains. Elimination of seven species of microorganisms was observed: Streptococcus acidominimus, Streptococcus oralis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Veillonella parvula, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum, and Lactobacillus acidophilus.

Insulin resistance as a novel therapeutic target in patients with chronic kidney disease treated with dialysis.

Clinical significance of insulin resistance in patients with chronic renal failure treated with dialysis has not been fully elucidated and requires further research. The available data indicate that long-term dialysis therapy promotes the development of insulin resistance. Furthermore, it has been proven that insulin resistance in this patient group is a strong independent predictor of mortality from cardiovascular causes. Insulin resistance as a potential modifiable cardiovascular risk factor should be considered as a novel therapeutic target in patients undergoing both hemo dialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

[Role of nitric oxide system in pathogenesis of experimental model of hepatorenal syndrome]. / Rola ukladu endogennego tlenku azotu w patogenezie doswiadczalnego zespolu watrobowo-nerkowego.

UNLABELLED: Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is still one of a few great secrets of today's medicine. Pathomechanism of this syndrome, specially in case of an acute liver damage, is still poorly understood. AIM OF THE STUDY: In our study in experimental galactosamine (Ga1N) model, using the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor- N omega-nitro-L-Arginine (L-NAME), we tried to explain, whether the nitric oxide plays some role in this model of HRS. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used 56 male Sprague-Dawley rats (SDR) divided into 7 groups. To achieve acute renal failure in all tested groups of animals GalN was given intraperitoneally. To determine influence of nitric oxide inhibition, L-NAME was given before and after Ga1N injection. Control groups received adequate volume of 0.9% saline solution. RESULTS: Liver and renal failure developed in all tested groups. Inhibition of NOS significantly but dose independently prevented the development of acute renal failure both before and after Ga1N injection. Pretreatment with L-NAME was significantly more succesful than post Ga1N treatment. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that inhibition of nitric oxide synthase prevents the development of renal failure in animal model of HRS. This is probably the first observation that nitric oxide plays important role in this model of HRS.

[Race of experimental animals and development of renal failure in animal model of hepatorenal syndrome]. / Rasa zwierzat doswiadczalnych a rozwój niewydolnosci nerek w doswiadczalnym modelu zespolu watrobowo--nerkowego.

UNLABELLED: Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is still one of the most important challenges of medicine in 21st century. In spite of many years of experimental and clinical studies, it failed to discover precise pathomechanisms leading from hepatic damage to functional renal failure. Among many kinds and currents, experimental studies still play great role. There are few reported animal models of HRS, among them a rat model induced by galactosamine (GalN). In this model acute renal failure develops typically after hepatic damage. AIM OF THE STUDY: We tried to test, whether in this model different breeds might develop typical HRS in the same way. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used 24 male Wistar and 16 Sprague-Dawley rats to achieve HRS by intraperitoneal injection of Ga1N. RESULTS. Liver failure with significant increase in serum concentration of bilirubin, alanine transaminase (ALT) and ammonia, as well as huge microscopic necrosis of hepatocytes developed in both groups, but we did not achieved any evidence of acute renal failure in Wistar rats group. Nevertheless, we found typical biochemical evidence of renal failure in Sprague-Dawley group. CONCLUSION: We conclude, that opposite to Sprague-Dawley model, the Wistar rat model does not develop functional renal failure typical for HRS, probably because of some congenital, genetic predispositions.

[Cinacalcet in the therapy of secondary hyperparathyroidism--own experiences]. / Doswiadczenia wlasne w stosowaniu cynakalcetu u chorych z wtónq nadczynnoscia przytarczyc.

UNLABELLED: Secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT) affects 20-25% dialysed patients and is related to the bone, mineral and cardiovascular complications. Cinacalcet, acts on the calcium-sensing receptor increasing its sensitivity to calcium, thereby reducing parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cinacalcet in dialysed patients with sHPT Material and methods. We studied group of 12 patients on dialysis > 3 month with sHPT and baseline iPTH > 450 pg/ml (F = 6, M = 6; peritoneal dialysis 2 patients and HD 10 patients; mean age 56 +/- 14). Cinacalcet was titrated from 30 mg once daily during a 6 month period. The following parameters were determined in serum: iPTH, Ca, P, before onset of therapy and every 4 weeks during 6 months therapy. RESULTS: Serum iPTH significantly decreased after 4 weeks therapy compared to the start point (from 849 +/- 253 to 338 +/- 260 pg/ml) and after 24 weeks cinacalcet therapy to 298 +/- 153 pg/ml. (64% reduction). Serum calcium and phosphate decrease but not significantly 8.7 +/- 1.2 vs 8.6 +/- 1.1 mg/dl and 7.3 +/- 2.8 vs 6.3 +/- 1.7 mg/dl respectively. There weren't serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Cinacalcet is effective and well tolerated nonsurgical management treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in dialysed patients.

[Peritoneal dialysis and insulin resistance in patients with chronic kidney disease due to nondiabetic nephropathy]. / Dializoterapia otrzewnowa a insulinoopornosc u chorych z przewlekla choroba nerek w przebiegu nefropatii niecukrzycowej.

Significance of insulin resistance in patients with preserved renal function is currently well known. Disorders and clinical syndromes connected with insulin resistance in patients with chronic renal failure are broadly described in literature. Clinical significance of insulin resistance in patients with chronic renal failure treated with renal replacement therapy is still insufficiently explained and require more studies. Literature data indicate that long-term renal replacement treatment promotes development of insulin resistance. Furthermore it was proved, that insulin resistance in this group of patients is a strong independent predictor of mortality due to cardiovascular reasons. In patients treated with peritoneal dialysis, a potential risk factor of insulin resistance is persistent glucose overload, used as an osmotic agent in dialysis fluids. Insulin resistance as a potential agent of cardiovascular risk should be considered as a therapeutic target in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.

[The evaluation of mineral crystallinity of mandibular bone tissue using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) in patients suffering from renal osteodystrophy]. / Ocena krystalicznosci mineralu tkanki kostnej zuchwy w przebiegu osteodystrofii nerkowej przy uzyciu spektrometrii elektronowego rezonansu paramagnetycznego (EPR).

Mineral crystallinity of bone tissue is subject to changes during one's development, as well as in many systemic diseases, especially renal osteodystrophy. The aim of the study was qualitative evaluation of the mandibular bone tissue in patients suffering from renal osteodytrophy, treated with renal-replacement therapy: hemo-dialysis or allogeneic kidney transplantation. The mineral crystallinity coefficient was evaluated using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) based on the observation that ionizing radiation induces paramagnetic centers in hydroxyapatites. The concentration of these centers was used to establish an indicator of crystallinity rate which is a measure of the crystallinity of tissue mineral. On the basis of these results, it is possible to widen the indications for implantological treatment in specific clinical cases.

[Diagnostic and therapeutical progress in malnutrition of patients with chronic renal failure]. / Postepy w diagnostyce i leczeniu dietetycznego niedozywienia u chorych z przewlekla niewydolnoscia nerek.

This article is a review of current knowledge concerning malnutrition of patients with chronic renal failure. Methods of assessment of nutrition and the new views respecting diet treatment in predialysis patients and during renal replacement therapy were discussed.